Government Surveillance And Totalitarianism In George...

The Correlation of Government Surveillance and Totalitarianism in 1984 During the production of 1984, author George Orwell never envisioned a tangible reality housing the society he constructed. He wrote the novel as a warning, a cautious exposà © showing those what could happen if society lost its sense of humanity; housed in a painfully relevant satire of totalitarian barbarism. In his novel 1984, George Orwell addresses the issue of government surveillance through his strategic use of point of view and tone, ultimately highlighting the main theme of the book: the danger of totalitarianism. One of the ways Orwell addresses government surveillance is through his calculated choice of point of view. 1984 is written in a third person, limited†¦show more content†¦Orwell explores the full range of government surveillance by including both of these types of observation in 1984. For the majority of the book, the reader explores Oceania with Winston under panoptical surveillance. The plot is filled with ways he and Julia try to evade the eyes of the rà ©gime; from Winston finding the one blind spot in his apartment to write, to Julia discovering a patch of unobserved grass far from the inner city to be with Winston. But the reader feels the true betrayal of the surveillance when the surreptitious surveillance is exposed. The hope felt from Winston’s success at evading Big Brother’s eyes, even for small moments, was crushed as the picture was removed from Mr. Charrington’s shop revealing a telescreen. Big Brother ultimately defeated Winston through the enlistment of surreptitious surveillance- they let him believe he was free from observation to see how he would act without constraints. In this instance, it is important that 1984 was written in limited point of view, for if the reader was aware of the trickery from Big Brother prior to the reveal, the betrayal would not have been asShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreEssay on 1984: A Prophesy for the Future?1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel 1984 is a story about a future civilization that is ruled by a totalitarian government. When the book was published in 1949 the thoughts and ideas seemed to be a prophesy for the future. A totalitarian government is one of the strictest forms of government with the least amount of freedom for the people. A totalitarian government is a mix of the military, individual leadership and the national political party. Usually the leader is a person who has a kind of charisma that makes his authorityRead MoreLiterary Context Of Dystopian Literature1746 Words   |  7 PagesZamyatin’s We, published in 1920 or even Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, published in 1932. However, it is in George Orwell’s 1984 that a truly horrific dystopian world is portrayed. Full of torture, misery, fear and repression, Orwell manages to manipulate and distort the idea of utopia and instead creates a place in which humans have no control over their own lives. The part of 1984, which is so compelling and interesting, is the fact that the people are living in a dystopian world without evenRead MoreOppression in Dystopian Societies1154 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian societies shown in George Orwell’s 1984 and Kurt WImmer’s Equilibrium present the readers with a state of society where everything is totalitarian and environmentally corrupt. Through the Government’s methods of control, the citizens lose their individuality and freedom. Acts of fear and oppression though technological advancements in both 1984 and Equilibrium evoke Oceaninans to trust the higher forms of authority to protect them, and make them feel safe. 1984 and Equilibrium portray a futuristicRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four 1169 Words   |  5 PagesCourtney Trawick Mrs. Garner Senior English Honors 27 February 2016 Totalitarianism of George Orwell’s Oceania â€Å"War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, and Ignorance is Strength† (Orwell 4). This is the slogan the Party uses in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four to represent the main philosophy the society of Oceania is expected to believe. In the early 1900’s, many totalitarian societies sprouted in Eastern Europe. These societies paved the way for many works of satire in Western literatureRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1045 Words   |  5 PagesAndrea Keefe Honors English 11, Period 3 VanCuran 3/27/2017 1984 Foreword The time period in which 1984 was set was in the year 1984. It was very different from what our â€Å"1984† was like. Even though this book was not based on actual historical events, it does compare to things that happen in our society today. George Orwell also known as Eric Blair was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell died on January 21st, 1950 in London, UnitedRead MoreAnalysis Of 1984 By George Orwell954 Words   |  4 PagesSophie Moore Mrs. N. Finley E209R3 – 1984 literary analysis 27 January 2015 Symbolism throughout 1984 The novel 1984 is a futuristic totalitarian society where everyone is kept under close surveillance and is forced to follow all rules and laws of the state. The novel 1984 was written by George Orwell and published in 1950. The main characters were Big Brother, Winston Smith, Julia, O’Brien, Syme and Emmanuel Goldstein. Winston Smith is a low man on the totem pole when it came to the ruling PartyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesenvisioned the thought of government surveillance. One of these visionaries is George Orwell. Orwell implemented his warnings to private citizens of his era, about these dangers through fictional writing. On June 8, 1949, George Orwell published a book titled 1984 (Nineteen Eighty-Four) (GWB). In his book, Mr. Orwell effectively shapes the aspects of how the ramifications of World War II opened the doorway to a radical totalitarian government. Kairos comes from Orwell’s experiences during the historicalRead MoreGeorge Orwells Contributions to Society1199 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Farm. By George Orwell. 1996. 50th Anniversary ed. New York: Penguin Books Ltd, 1946. v-xii. Print. Glover, Beaird. Nineteen Eighty-Four. Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Knapp, John V. George Orwell. Critical Survey Of Long Fiction, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-6. Literary Reference Center. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. ORWELL, George. (n.d.): Funk amp; Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-FourRead MoreLEGO movie analysis883 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿1984/LEGO Movie Analysis Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in literary work. It has been discovered that there is indeed a common theme surrounding both George Orwell’s novel 1984 and the LEGO movie. These pieces of literature serve to warn its readers/audience of the dangers of totalitarianism. Both the movie and the novel portray a â€Å"perfect† totalitarian society, where the government has complete and total power and control. When one looks beneath the surface of

George Orwell s Dangers Of Power Through A Totalitarian...

When an author writes a novel, the theme is the recurring lesson or message that is either symbolically hidden or boldly stated throughout the story. While writing 1984, George Orwell strongly displayed the theme of the dangers of power through a totalitarian government. Not only were Orwell’s ideas of corruption in an all-powerful government portrayed in his novel, 1984, but comparisons can be made with the story’s points of a spying authority, keeping the lower class ignorant, and an unscrupulous corporate influence with America’s power-heads today. Big Brother could be considered the main antagonist of George Orwell’s 1984. Serving as a constant watchmen over the citizens of Oceania, people can not do a single thing in privacy. For example, there is an organization of committee members called the â€Å"Thought Police†, who have microphones and cameras out of sight that capture every move of the Oceanians. If the Thought Police catch someone do ing or thinking or saying something they don’t like, the offender is taken away from society. Similarly to this fictional spying authority in the story, America’s National Security Agency (NSA) has been accused and found guilty of participating in activities along the same lines. According to the academic journal entitled New Revelations From Edward Snowden About the US and UK Spying on Their Citizens, â€Å"The NSA and its British counterpart are using the latest code to peek at individual email, medical and banking records. These areShow MoreRelatedTotalitarianism in Orwells Mind Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesIngsoc are embodiments of everything that author George Orwell hates in government. 1984, a book written by Orwell, depicts a society called Oceania, in which unwary citizens are obedient to the Party, a totalitarian regime. Totalitarianism is defined as a political system in which a centralized government does not tolerate any form of political dissent and seeks to control many, if not all, aspects of public and private life. Another one of George Orwell’s books, Animal Farm, is an allegory aboutRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Novel Expressing The Idea Of A Government Changing The Past1655 Words   |  7 Pages If the Party could thrust its hand into the past and say this or that even, it never happened-that, surely, was more terrifying than mere torture and death (37). This warning alarm of a totalitarian government intensifies throughout George Orwell’s novel expressing the idea of a government changing the past. In the novel 1984, the main character, Winston Smith lives in a world where the people of the society are restricted from free thinking. With no freedom or privacy, Winston tries to standRead MoreAnimal Farm And 19841457 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ George Orwell s views on totalitarian governments were not concealed from public view. He expressed his thoughts and opinions through his books. Among these books were Nineteen - Eighty -Four and Animal Farm, which were his works that most obviously portrayed his disfavor for totalitarian governments. Totalitarian governments are controlled by political authorities who have control of all aspects of society. Nineteen-Eighty-Four and Animal Farm are two different books that have different waysRead More George Orwells 1984: Unmasking Totalitarianism1749 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent in Britain during the mid 20th century, especially in the late 1940’s. World War II had finally ended, the days of fighting Nazi Germany was behind everyone but present circumstances were bleak. Britain was still recovering from the effects of World War II and handling the transition of a new socialist democratic government. From the east there loomed Stalin’s Soviet Union with its commu nism government and Totalitarian ruling mindset. Many were oblivious to the facts surrounding communismRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Dystopia 881 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing â€Å"1984† by George Orwell. â€Å"Big brother is always watching,† the language the author utilizes drops subtle hints from time to time about what could possibly happen in the real world in near future. 1984 still remains one of the most intense and powerful warning signals about the peril of total government control. The time period 1984 was inspired in is crucial to its plot. It was inspired around World War 2. Because of the rise of totalitarian dictators, AdolfRead MoreInstability of Totalitarianism in George Orwell‚Äà ´s 1984871 Words   |  4 PagesTotalitarianism in George Orwell’s 1984 A government enforces procedures in which a society must follow. Governments contrast by deciding to either be stringent, lenient or even moderate. The protagonist, Winston realizes that the government which he resides in maintains absolute control. Revolution results in extreme punishment that eventually leads to death. With the rest of the society brainwashed Winston tries to successfully find a way to revolt. Throughout the novel, 1984, George Orwell uses theRead MoreCritical Analysis Of 1984 By George Orwell1257 Words   |  6 Pages1984 by George Orwell sets the overall eerie tone of the book early on. â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU† (Orwell 3). In the book this was the statement was put on a poster of big brothers face. Firstly this is an example of metonymy. In the statement the term â€Å"BIG BROTHER† isn’t referring to how big brother very closely related to the thought police. The thought police is the organization that monitors the inner and outer party members. Secondly this can be looked through a postmodernist lens as theRead MoreGeorge Orwell s 1984 919 Words   |  4 Pagesskeptical towards the authoritative governments. How a government bodies regulates and governs shapes the beliefs, values, and attitudes of its citizens. George Orwell examines the dangers of this flawed relationship between government bodies and individuals. In 1984, he illustrates the worst possible outcome, a corrupt tyrannical government creating a dystopian world filled with lifeless citizens. Orwell explores the consequences of a totalitarian society in 1984 through the struggles of Winston, theRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1531 Words   |  7 PagesGeorge Orwell once said, â€Å"Happiness can only exist in acceptance,† and this overall idea of acceptance would become a reoccurring theme in his literary work 1984. In 1984, Winston Smith, the protagonist, would team up with Julia, a fellow nonconformist, to fight the Party, and more specifically, Big Brother, all taking place in the continent of Oceania. Overall, the main concept of 1984 is the Party’s need to control every aspect of life, completed through the use of constant surveillance, fear,Read MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesWatching You† (Orwell 1). One may ponder the thought of living in a world where the powers that be controlled, every step one takes and every move one made. Image the control being so drastic that it controlled one’s telepathic thought. There have been many who envisioned the thought of government surveillance. One of these visionaries is George Orwell. Orwell implemented his warnings to private citizens of his era, about these dangers through fictional writing. On June 8, 1949, George Orwell published

Culture at the Walt Disney Company free essay sample

Lasseter, head of Disney’s animation studios and Pixar says, â€Å"What’s interesting is that he [Iger] actually said most of the time the big companies come in and influence little companies when they buy them. He, in fact, wanted the opposite to happen. † (Reingold, 2012). This acquisition changed Disney fundamentally: No longer was Disney the only way. Reingold, 2012). Disney also had to learn how to â€Å"loosen up† as Pixar is a very flexible organization in which you can bring your pet or child to work and you can also drink at the funky bars that the creatives have set up in their offices. (Reingold, 2012) Iger’s changes seem to be working. The Walt Disney Company made $40. 9 billion in revenue in fiscal 2011. (Reingold, 2012). The changes have increased efficiency with the employees; in some areas of the company they have implemented a flexible work schedule, so the employees don’t have to adhere to a specific schedule, in turn it allows them to spend ore time with family and loved ones. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture at the Walt Disney Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Iger increased capital spending during the recession as rivals cut back. Earnings driven by acquisitions have nearly doubled. The stock price has risen 80%, among other things. (Reingold, 2012). Although, overall the cultural changes are working for Disney, it doesn’t always work. Disney’s interactive division is losing money and the film division has had some bombs, which resulted in job loss. Some also believe that by not putting a lot of emphasis on the animation aspect that Disney is diminishing the company’s core brand strength and legacy. Iger says, â€Å"When you deal with a company that has a great legacy, you deal with decisions and conflicts that arise from the clash of heritage versus innovation versus relevance. I’m a big believer in respect for heritage, but I’m also a big believer in the need to innovate and the need to balance that respect for heritage with the need to be relevant. † (Siklos, 2008). I have recently gone through a cultural change at my last employer, AirTran Airways, Inc. , when we were acquired by Southwest Airlines. AirTran had always been the â€Å"low cost† air carrier that still wanted to be like the â€Å"legacy† carriers. We wore suit and ties, worked a specific schedule and had very little crew member appreciation events. When Southwest came in things totally changed. We could wear casual clothes to work, we implemented a Culture Committee in the station, which I started up and ran until my departure, and we had lots of fundraisers, station outings, and sporting tournaments for the crew members to get involved in. One thing you would always hear is that Southwest employees â€Å"OWN IT! † they are empowered to come up with ideas and carry them out. So if an employee wants to have a station outing they must â€Å"OWN IT† and put everything together, from talking with the restaurant/bar to putting out flyers to ensure everyone knows about it. This is not only for the â€Å"fun† things but also for process changes. Southwest has a whole department dedicated to their culture. For me this was a great change, however, for others they were reluctant to embrace the changes, even the station leaders pushed back. When Southwest first came in the picture people were scared, scared of change, losing jobs, changing roles, scares of just about anything. Performance dropped, and more accidents started happening at work. After a while everyone got used to the way things are done

Personal Opinion Essay Example

Personal Opinion Essay An opinion essay tells what the writer thinks or feels about a topic. People have different opinions about things. In an opinion essay, you write your opinion about a topic. When you write an opinion essay, you choose a topic about which you have strong feelings. You support your opinion with reasons. For this Unit Project, you are going to write an opinion essay about the wetlands of Mississippi. Writing Process Part I: Prewriting Ideas As you learned in Unit 1, Mississippi has wetlands in the northwesten part of the state. Some people have opinions about the importance of wetlands, protecting existing wetlands, and protecting the species that live in wetlands. All of these can be ideas for an opinion essay. Write Mississippi’s wetlands in the center of the idea organizer below. Brainstorm topics and write them on the lines. You can add more lines. Then choose your topic. Make sure you have reasons to support your opinion. If you don’t have several good reasons, you might want to choose another topic. Research and Writing Projects Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Name Date Voice In an opinion essay, you are telling how you really think and feel about a subject. Let the audience hear your voice. It should be strong and confident. Use strong words and details. Organization Use a chart like the one below to organize your opinion essay. Write your opinion in the top box. In the second row of boxes, write the reasons why you feel or think the way you do. In the last row of boxes, write details, such as examples, that support your reasons. Here are examples of an opinion, a reason, and details: Opinion: Reason: Details: People should spend more time playing sports. Playing sports is healthy. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Opinion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Opinion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Opinion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It helps you sleep better. It helps protect you against some illnesses. Opinion Reason: Reason: Reason: Details: Details: Details: Be sure to fill in the boxes before you go on to the next step. Research and Writing Projects Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Name Date Research Once you have chosen a topic and started your organization chart, you can begin your research. One way to do research for an opinion essay is to interview other people. Interviews will give you information you may not have thought about. When you interview others, you will ask them questions and write down their answers. Follow these tips: †¢ Ask some experts, teachers, or family members whether you can interview them. †¢ Prepare several questions about your topic before the interview. Suppose your opinion is â€Å"Mississippi’s wetlands are important. † Here are some examples of questions you could ask: 1. What are Mississippi’s wetlands like? 2. What do they teach us about our state? 3. Do you think that they are important? 4. What is your main reason for your opinion? 5. What is another reason? †¢ Leave space after each question for writing notes during the interview. †¢ During the interview, listen closely to what the person is saying. You may find that the person has the same opinion that you have. Or you may find that the person has a different opinion. †¢ Take notes as you hear the answers. You don’t need to write down every word that is said. †¢ If you don’t understand something the person says, ask more questions about it. †¢ After the interview, review your notes. If the person has the same opinion as you, add any new reasons and details to your organization chart. †¢ If the person has a different opinion and changes your mind, make a new chart. Write in the chart your new opinion, reasons, and details. Research and Writing Projects Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Name Date Part II: Drafting After your interviews, it’s time to write a first draft of your opinion essay. Look at your organizational chart. Use the information from the chart to write your essay. Make sure your opinion is supported by your reasons. Don’t worry about spelling or punctuation. You can fix any errors when you revise your final draft. Concentrate on getting your ideas down on paper. Write your introduction. State your opinion and try to hook the readers’ attention right away. Look at these examples: Weak Opening I think Mississippi’s wetlands are very important. Strong Opening Mississippi’s wetlands help prevent floods and provide homes for animals and plants. Write the body of your essay. Tell why you think your opinion is correct. Begin a new paragraph for each reason. Write a main-idea sentence for each paragraph that states the reason. Then use at least two supporting details for each reason. Write a conclusion. Sum up your important points. End in a way that your reader will remember. Look at these examples. Weak Closing Mississippi’s wetlands should be preserved. Strong Closing Preserving Mississippi’s wetlands will show future generations that we cared about our environment and about them. We protected wonderful animals and plants that help make our state special. Research and Writing Projects Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Name Date Part III: Revising Reread your first draft. Did you state your opinion clearly? Did you include good reasons for your opinion? Did you support your reasons with details? Does your opening catch a reader’s attention? Is your conclusion strong? Word Choice Think about the words you used. Use synonyms to replace words you use too often. Synonyms are words with the same or nearly the same meaning. Without Synonyms I think that wetlands are important. They have land for animals, which I think is important. With Synonyms I feel that wetlands are valuable for Mississippi. They provide land for wildlife, which I believe is essential. Sentence Fluency To keep your writing interesting for your readers, begin sentences in different ways. Mississippi’s wetlands are beautiful treasures. In the South, there are beautiful wetlands. When you travel, be sure to visit Mississippi’s beautiful wetlands. Research and Writing Projects Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Name Date Part IV: Proofreading and Publishing Conventions After you revise your story, proofread it. †¢ Are all the words spelled correctly? †¢ Did you capitalize all proper nouns? †¢ Did you indent every paragraph? †¢ Did you use commas and other punctuation correctly? †¢ Are all of your sentences complete sentences? Fix any mistakes you find. Then publish your story by writing a final copy. Share your opinion essay with other students by reading it aloud to the class or a small group. Checklist Writing an Opinion Essay I wrote a strong beginning that states my opinion. My opinion essay states the reasons for my point of view. My reasons are supported with details. I wrote a paragraph for each reason and its supporting details. My writing sounds like me. My conclusion is strong. I used synonyms for words I use too often. I began sentences in different ways. I made very few mistakes in capitalization, grammar, punctuation, and spelling. I did great! I could do better. Research and Writing Projects Copyright  © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Business Simulation Game The WritePass Journal

Business Simulation Game Introduction Business Simulation Game decided to institute measures to consolidate these gains and improve on the various ventures and services. The uptake of the outsourcing service line was quite impressive with a total of 134 miniature facilities in 120 farms by the end of the second quarter of 2012. In monitoring the results of the new strategic direction, management constantly monitored performance and took deliberate actions to boost competitiveness, adding value to performance indices. Remaining with the initial strategic direction The strategic direction taken was not radically different from the initial strategic direction and received little resistance overall as it, in many ways, matched initial objectives. This choice of strategy intended to build up on the successes of earlier decisions, tapping into inherent potential and enhancing the sustainability of the company’s operations into the future. There was need in light of goings on in the competitive global business environment and the bioremediation and organic waste management industry. The strategic shift enabled the realization of company’s exponential growth in size and earnings and the diversification into longer-term competitiveness in outsourced services and international presence. The final results These decisions targeted at achieving strategic and financial objectives enabled the company to deliver consistently impressive bottom line results pitted against rivals in the bioremediation and organic waste management industry.   These strategic decisions, as part of the long-term corporate direction, also enhanced shareholder value and enabled the company to adapt to competitive conditions in the rapidly growing and changing industry. Despite the take-off failure of the toxic water and soil remediation service, the other components of the strategic shift were hugely successful. My performance in developing and implementing this strategic shift was quite impressive given the smooth transition and acceptance by the team, as well as the success this strategic shift brought for the overall company and industry. I avoided resistance by developing strategy proposals in line with the initial strategic direction and avoided radically different paths. The engagement of several teams of management in the implementation of the various tasks was also beneficial in acquiring acceptance and enhancing overall efficiency. Underlying strategic principles The success of a crafted and executed strategy is its consistent delivery of good bottom-line results pitted against rival company strategies. They enable the charting of a long-term corporate direction towards realization of strategic and financial objectives (Amabile, et al., 1996). Key learning points about strategy A key lesson learnt is that there is no singular miraculous combination of decisions that management discover to realise their objectives and goals in the competitive business environment. Decisions require widespread consensus and must be consistent and compatible to ensure success (Cornelissen and Clarke, 2010). The strength of interplay of strategies when better than those of the competition ensures that the venture achieves success pitted against its rivals in the competitive environment. These results are to a large extent dependent on the analysis, planning and decision-making process of management and the capacity to follow through them (Cornelissen and Clarke, 2010). The development of best strategies is heavily dependent upon knowledge and grasp of the system and the business environment, as well as creativity and initiative. Conclusion To achieve sustainable growth and the enhancement of its performance ratios, Eco-resource sought to strengthen the success of its initial strategic direction, as well as chart out a new direction aligned to the former. In this new direction, the company was successful in maintaining process costs through the streamlining of operations, and increasing product sales and revenues through enhanced marketing and differentiation programmes. The company successfully diversified its operations to include specialized outsourced services achieving projected outcomes. Into the New Year, there is need to consolidate these ventures and strategies, aligning the various components and enhancing growth in international markets, with ventures into the remaining regions. Despite surging popularity and entry of more players, continued growth in demand fortified by effective marketing, and output of new technologies and ways to employ them will enable the success and sustenance of the venture in the long term. References Amabile, T., R., Conti, H., Coon, J., Lazenby, and M., Herron, 1996. â€Å"Assessing the work environment for creativity.† In: The Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1154-1184. Cornelissen, J., J., Clarke, 2010. â€Å"Imagining and Rationalizing Opportunities: Inductive Reasoning, and the Creation and Justification of New Ventures.† In: Academy of Management Review, 35(4): 539-557. Kimbrell, A., (ed.), 2002. Fatal Harvest: The Tragedy of Industrial Agriculture. Washington DC: Island Press. S. Government Bureau of Statistics: Fertilizer Manufacturing NAICS Code – 325314; Chemical Manufacturing NAICS Code – 325; Chemical Consulting NAICS Code – 541690.

Sociology Theories of Deviance and Deviant Behavior

Sociology Theories of Deviance and Deviant Behavior Deviant behavior is any behavior that is contrary to the dominant norms of society. There are many different theories that explain  how behavior comes to be classified as deviant and why people engage in it, including biological explanations, psychological explanations, and sociological explanations. Here, we review four of the major sociological explanations for deviant behavior. Structural Strain Theory American sociologist  Robert K. Merton developed structural strain theory as an extension of the functionalist perspective on deviance. This theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means people have available to achieve those goals. According to this theory, societies are composed of both culture and social structure. Culture establishes goals for people in society while social structure provides (or fails to provide) the means for people to achieve those goals. In a well-integrated society, people use accepted and appropriate means to achieve the goals that society establishes. In this case, the goals and the means of the society are in balance. It is when the goals and means are not in balance with each other that deviance is likely to occur. This imbalance between cultural goals and structurally available means can actually encourage deviance. Labeling Theory Labeling theory is one of the most important approaches to understanding deviant and criminal behavior within sociology. It begins with the assumption that no act is intrinsically criminal. Instead, definitions of criminality are established by those in power through the formulation of laws and the interpretation of those laws by police, courts, and correctional institutions. Deviance is therefore not a set of characteristics of individuals or groups, but rather a process of interaction between deviants and non-deviants and the context in which criminality is defined. Those who represent forces of law and order and those who enforce the boundaries of proper behavior, such as the police, court officials, experts, and school authorities, provide the main source of labeling. By applying labels to people, and in the process creating categories of deviance, these people reinforce the power structure and hierarchies of society. Typically it is those who hold more power over others, on the basis of race, class, gender, or overall social status, who impose rules and labels on others in society. Social Control Theory Social control theory, developed by Travis Hirschi, is a type of functionalist theory that suggests deviance occurs when a person’s or group’s attachment to social bonds is weakened. According to this view, people care about what others think of them and conform to social expectations because of their attachments to others and what others expect of them. Socialization is important in producing conformity to social rules, and it is when this conformity is broken that deviance occurs. Social control theory focuses on how deviants are attached, or not, to common value systems and what situations break people’s commitment to these values. This theory also suggests that most people probably feel some impulse toward deviant behavior at some time, but their attachment to social norms prevents them from actually participating in deviant behavior.​ Theory of Differential Association The theory of differential association is a learning theory that focuses on the processes by which individuals come to commit deviant or criminal acts. According to the theory, created by Edwin H. Sutherland, criminal behavior is learned through interactions with other people. Through this interaction and communication, people learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. Differential association theory emphasizes the interaction people have with their peers and others in their environment. Those who associate with delinquents, deviants, or criminals learn to value deviance. The greater the frequency, duration, and intensity of their immersion in deviant environments, the more likely it is that they will become deviant. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Education Infosystem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education Infosystem - Research Paper Example The research paper "Education Info system" talks about the development of a system developed to improve the quality of learning and research of a given region. The education system has a great influence on the kind of education and research that is carried out in a given country. It is noted that the nature of students determines the kind of methods of teaching, accessing the type of information. A country with a large China needs the sophisticated type of information system faster work, improve accuracy and efficiency in service delivery, for instance, it takes a better and advanced information technology and system to cater for the needs of an increased population. A similar survey also indicates that the size of the country determines the kind of system used to disseminate the information needed so as to deliver service in good time. In the current educational setup, there are a lot of changes all the way from classroom to the public, for instance, the manner of teaching and delivering by tutors has changed from traditional face-to-face to better and interactive technologies that lack human element such video conferencing. This enables different types of information from a diverse location to integrated and coordinated for a better decision making. It can be noted further that due top lack of system, information is wasted and blurred and myopic decisions are made in time and more accurately. In education, teachers’ salaries extrinsically motivate teachers from teaching and delivering the quality of service.